Criminal Profiling Essay example - 1826 Words

The process of inferring the personality characteristics of individuals responsible for committing criminal acts has commonly been referred to as criminal profiling. (Turvey) Criminal profiling can also be referred to as, behavioral profiling because when a profiler creates a profile they refer to the behavior of the offender. The general term criminal profiling can also be referred to as crime scene profiling, criminal personality profiling, offender profiling, psychological profiling and criminal investigative analysis. All the terms listed above are used inconsistently and interchangeably. Modern criminal profiling is owing to a diverse history grounded in the study of criminal behavior (criminology), the study of mental illness†¦show more content†¦Secondly, the physical aspects of the victim are important as well; is the victim is heavy, and was dragged for a long distance, it can be surmised that the criminal is strong and may have a muscular appearance. (Patterson) Victimology is first and foremost an investigative tool, providing context, connections, and investigative direction. (Turvey) Some people may ask, â€Å"Why profile the victim?† but profiling the victim is a very important element that helps profilers better understand the criminal. Profilers look at the general lifestyle and activities of the victim in order to know who had access to them and when. Knowing the victim and properly profiling them may establish a relational link between the victim and criminal. When profiling a victim it is important to look at them as a real person as well as a victim. Some investigators and detectives have a tendency to deify or vilify the victim in a case. Deification involves idealizing victims. For example, Two nine-year-old girls are abducted from a bus stop. Both are found dead in a drainage ditch the next day, disposed of less than 100 yards away. The press refers to the victims as â€Å"fallen little angels,† and the investigators do not conduct an investigation into the victims’ family histories, focusing instead on a possible serialShow MoreRelatedCriminal Profiling1917 Words   |  8 PagesCriminal Profiling The term â€Å"serial killer† was derived from a man named Robert K. Ressler, who, in the 1970’s deemed this term because of the term the English used; â€Å"crimes in a series† and because of the serial films he grew up watching. (Freeman, 2007) Prior to the term serial killer, people would use the terms, mass murders and stranger-on-stranger crime. The definition of a serial killer, according to dictionary.com is; â€Å"a person who attacks and kills victims one by one in a seriesRead MoreRacial Profiling And Criminal Profiling Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesRacial Profiling Vs Criminal Profiling Camilo Paez Briarcliffe College Professor Keirnan 11/13/2016 â€Æ' Executive summary Racial Profiling is a big problem is society. Over time you become biased of certain groups which is good and bad. Criminal profiling helps keep the bad guys off the streets. This maybe be also linked with being racist according to the people stopped by police. As a police officer you never win because no one wants to go to jail. It is very hard to â€Æ' Racial Profiling VsRead MoreCriminal Profiling And Racial Profiling1373 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Profiling and Racial Profiling. Criminal profiling has been around since the 1880’s, and up to this day, that method still has not had a great success rate. Also, racial profiling has not had a great success rate either through the years. At times, innocent people get detained and charged with crimes that they never committed due to matching the characteristics of other suspects. In other words, creating assumptions that will narrow down a suspect is just not the best method to utilizeRead MoreEssay on Criminal Profiling1253 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal profiling is one of few first things to think of when it comes to forensic psychology. Criminal profiling is featured in popular television shows such as in Law and Order and CSI. Often in those shows, the police officers were able to catch the criminals based on the criminal profile that forensic psychologists came up with. In a theory, the polices rely on criminal profiling to catch criminals, educate the public about a possible criminal, and confirm t he witnesses’ accounts. CriminalRead MoreCriminal Profiling Essay2440 Words   |  10 PagesThe Origin and Art of Criminal Profiling Sawyer Thompson Southwest Baptist University December 13, 2011 Abstract Criminal profiling is a process by which investigators attempt to solve a crime through careful analyzing of data and patterns. It can be found in numerous places throughout history, from the Roman Catholic Church to World War II to the present day. It officially began in the Behavioral Science Unit; Howard Teten, Pat Mullany, Robert Ressler, and JohnRead MoreThe Validity Of Criminal Profiling Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe Validity of Criminal Profiling and its Effectiveness on Solving Crime In law, law enforcement relies on a variety of approaches to solving crimes. One method of doing so, is criminal profiling. Police use criminal profiling as an aid to identify the typology of individuals most likely to fit the suspect profile. In this approach, evidence of a crime is used to identify the characteristics of the criminal in relation to their personality and psychological state of mind. As wellRead MoreCriminal Profiling, Criminal, And Forensic Psychology1226 Words   |  5 PagesCriminal profiling is another subject of criminal and forensic psychology, which is probably one of the oldest studies of forensic science. Criminal profiling has been called many things, such as behavioral profiling, crime scene profiling, criminal personality profiling, psychological profiling, and more recently even criminal investigation analysis. Criminal profiling’s history has come from a history of criminal behavior, the study of mental illnesses, and forensic ex aminations. Criminal profilingRead MoreOverview of Criminal Profiling Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesBeing a criminal profiler is not like it is on all the television shows, but it is still an interesting and important job. Criminal profilers have been used to close many police and federal cases. They work in several homicide cases involving rape, racial killings, brutal killings, and involving serial killers. They help make it easier for the police to find the right person by examining the crime scene. Being a criminal profiler is a tough job but with hard work and dedication it is a great careerRead MoreWhat is the importance of Criminal Profiling?1311 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿What is the importance of Criminal Profiling? By Tiffany Collier Criminal Profiling is a great way to try to understand the suspect as a person. It is necessary to learn who the individual is in order to track and locate them. The person’s information is vital to an investigation. Things such as habits, history of violence, family, education, schedules/routines, and personality traits just to name a few. This new development of investigating is helpful in obtaining fugitives quickerRead MoreCriminal Profiling And The Law Enforcement2100 Words   |  9 PagesCriminal profiling is the investigative profession that is used to help the law enforcement and the government agencies to pursue unknown perpetrators. It objectively seeks to identify the major personality and the behavioral characteristics of the serial offenders based on a thorough analysis of the crimes committed. It includes the combination of the analysis of the physical and the behavioral evidence. This study aims at analyzing criminal profiling on the basis of its basic elem ents and its use

Essay Biography of T.S. Eliot - 4139 Words

Biography of T.S. Eliot T.S. Eliot changed the face of poetry. He has been regarded as the most celebrated poet of his era. This Nobel Prize winning poet is credited with viewing the world as it appears, without making any optimistic judgements. Despite the ire of Mr. Eliot, it would be safe to regard him as a prophet of doom. His works reflected his frustration with mankind, and the seeming need to be released from this cold world. It was once said, â€Å"How unpleasant to meet Mr. Eliot.† (Time 1) His rather cynical view of man’s accomplishments leads one to regard him as a pessimist who prophesies nothing but doom for mankind. Thomas Stearns Eliot was born in St. Louis, Missouri in 1888. As a youngster, Thomas received the best†¦show more content†¦They all cry for the want of death, for the escape from an acheronian life. His poems generally deal with religious beliefs (or the absence of), sexuality, emotional impoverishment, boredom and spiritual emptiness. The Waste Land  "is a poem about spiritual dryness, about the kind of existence in which no regenerating belief gives significance and value to people’s daily activities, sex brings no fruitfulness, and death heralds no resurrection,† (Abrams 2368). â€Å"It annoyed Eliot that The Waste Land was interpreted as a prophetic statement: he referred to it (somewhat disingenuously) as ‘just a piece of rhythmical grumbling,’† (Time 100 2). Other works of his, however, show similar themes (such as The Hollow Men or Journey of the Magi). Perhaps his most famous poem, it details the journey of the human soul searching for redemption. He owes most of his ideas to the philosophies of English idealist F.H. Bradley. â€Å"Eliot’s understanding of poetic epistemology is a version of Bradley’s theory, that knowing involves three levels (immediate, relational, and transcendent),† (Cooper 94). Bradley believed that there exists a prior consciousness, a conscious consciousness and a transcendent consciousness. Eliot did his Harvard dissertation on Bradley’s philosophies and knew them quite well. The first part of The Waste Land, titled â€Å"The Burial of the Dead,† discusses the seasons andShow MoreRelatedT.S. Eliots Writing Style and Use of Symbolism790 Words   |  4 Pagesfar can possibly find out how far one can go,† T.S. Eliot is basically trying to say that only people who push their limit can actually see how much they can really accomplish. T.S. Eliot made poetry that showed his negative views on life, people, and world. T.S. Eliot took poetry to another level by the way he writes and uses symbolism. Thomas Stearns was born on September 26, 1888. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri. His father was Henry ware Eliot who was the president of the Hydraulic-press companyRead MoreEssay on Influences on T.S. Eliots Poetry1063 Words   |  5 PagesT.S. full name is Thomas Stearns Eliot. He had written a total of 68 poems, dramas, etc. in total (Wikipedia). There are many influences, but I think that Vivienne Haigh-Wood, Eliot`s first wife, Ezra Pound, his mentor and religion are one of the biggest influences on T.S. Eliot. I think the first influence on his poetry was his first wife Vivienne Haigh-Wood. Eliot had married Vivienne to stay in England. Their relationship became the storyboard for a play called, Tom and Viv which was made in 1984Read MoreThe Impact Of Literature On Literature And The Social View Of Poetry1724 Words   |  7 Pagespublicized as many thoughts and critical views as T.S. Eliot, and by disseminating his opinions throughout the literature world, Eliot found a way to communicate new perspectives and tastes in literature (Worthen). Born in the fall of 1888, T.S. Eliot grew up to become one of the most influential poets of all time, as he found a unique way of communicating through literature. Sometimes referred to as the â€Å"keeper of the language† or the â€Å"model poet of our time† Eliot presented powerful criticisms of societyRead MoreSuperb Motivation. Literature Possesses The Capability1749 Words   |  7 Pagespublicized as many thoughts and critical views as T.S. Eliot, and by disseminating his opinions throughout the literature world, Eliot found a way to communicate new perspectives and tastes in literature (Worthen). Born in the fall of 1888, T.S. Eliot grew up to become one of the most influential poets of all time as he found a unique way of communicating through literature. Sometimes referred to as the â€Å"keeper of the language† or the â€Å"model poet of our time,† Eliot presented powerful criticisms of societyRead MoreThe Impact Of Literature On Literature And The Social View Of Poetry1391 Words   |  6 Pagespublicized as many thoughts and critical views as T.S. Eliot, and by disseminating his opinions throughout the literature world, Eliot found a way to communicate new perspectives and tastes in literature (Worthen). Born in the fall of 1888, T.S. Eliot grew up to become one of the most influential poets of all time, as he found a unique way of communicating through literature. Sometimes referred to as the â€Å"keeper of the language† or the â€Å"model poet of our time† Eliot presented powerful criticisms of societyRead MoreThe Influence of T.S Eliot Through his Poetry Essay743 Words   |  3 PagesT.S. Eliot was a modern poet that was globally renowned for his contributions to poetry and the way that he envisioned society and managed to communicate those opinions through language. He had influenced many post modernists as well as fellow poets because of his indifference in the way that poetry had been set to be. He used language to develop patters in order to show how they can make sense as a whole once laid out instead of using the diction of the poetry to state ideas. T.S. Eliot had developedRead MoreEssay on The Sacred Wood and Began the Waste Land by T.S. Eliot626 Words   |  3 PagesT.S. Eliot was one of many award winning book writers. T.S. Eliot was known as a ‘’hard working writer.’’ He published his first book in 1915, starti ng off his career as a writer/poet. T.S. Eliot was born September 26, 1888 in St. Louis. He was the youngest of seven born to Henry Ware Eliot and Charlotte Eliot. In 1906–10, undergraduate at Harvard. He discovered the Symbolists and Lafarge. He was in editor of the Harvard Advocate, a literary magazine. In 1911-14 he was in graduate student in philosophyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Cousin Nancy And Morning At The Window Poem Analysis And Exploration1475 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Cousin Nancy† and â€Å"Morning at the Window† Poem Analysis and Exploration Cousin Nancy By T. S. Eliot Miss Nancy Ellicott Strode across the hills and broke them, Rode across the hills and broke them — The barren New England hills — Riding to hounds Over the cow-pasture. Miss Nancy Ellicott smoked And danced all the modern dances; And her aunts were not quite sure how they felt about it, But they knew that it was modern. Upon the glazen shelves kept watch MatthewRead MoreT.S. Eliots View of the Human Condition in The Hollow Men Essay856 Words   |  4 Pages T. S. Eliot was a man who strongly believed that poetry should represent life. He knew that life was complex, so that is why his poetry was difficult to understand not only for students writing research papers, but also for critics. He was the backbone of modernist poetry, who wrote mostly about darkness, despair, and depression in life. He tried and succeeded to capture the torment of the world during World War 1 and World War II (Shmoop T.S. Eliot). Eliot’s view of the human condition isRead MoreA Force of Nature: Imagination in the Poetry of Wallace Stevens and John Ashbery1602 Words   |  7 Pagesreader to experience, dialogically, what is pictured in the poem; both poets make clear that the reader is a fundamental part of it. â€Å"In Tradition and the Individual Talent†, T.S. Eliot affirms that the greatest writers are those who are conscious of the writers who came before, as if they write with a sense of continuity. T.S Eliot addresses literary tradition as well as poetic tradition, and states that it is important to focus on â€Å"significant emotion, emotion which has its life in the poem and not

Film To Remember free essay sample

Film to Remember Amadeus, a film originally written as a play by Peter Shaffer. Follows the life of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, through the eyes of his bitter rival, Antonio Saltier. This film is arguably one of the most immerse pictures ever written, earning academy awards for best picture, sound, and cinematography. Of course, a movie claiming to be an Interpretation of Mozart life must contain an astounding soundtrack. Not only delivering an entertaining array of music to the audience, but also choosing compositions that seamlessly flow with the time period of the film.Amadeus not only fulfills this, but excels so much so, that this interpretation feels more like a biography. Boasting two academy awards for best lead actor and one for best writing, the actors beautifully portray the persona of their 19th century counterparts. It is in this combination of elements that create such a fantastic picture and pave the way for its success. We will write a custom essay sample on Film To Remember or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, with not much known about Mozart personal life, some say Forman took his interpretation of Antonio Saltier too far, and that the picture Is historically flawed. And after directing something as respected as one Flew over theCuckoos, Mills Forman must be held to a higher standard of critique. Despite this, not only was Formants Amadeus a box office hit, but this fantastic film stepped out from Its predecessors shadow and Into its own spotlight. With an astounding budget of over 18 million dollars. Amadeus emerged as a spectacular masterpiece In the film industry. With 8 Oscar: best picture, best actor, best director, best writing, best art direction, best costume design, best sound, best makeup, and best actor in a leading role this film is a true masterpiece.Its miraculous sets, paired with beautiful music of he era, create a visually Immerse environment for the viewer _ Although the beautiful shots and creative genius are apparent in the making of this film, one can not ignore the performance of F. Murray Abraham. Abraham transforms himself into Antonio Saltier, a prideful court composer whose Jealousy towards Mozart is endless. Galleries hate towards Mozart festers for so long, he becomes Insane. It Is from a small mental ward that we beautifully explore the world of Mozart through Galleries biased accounts.This performance earned him an Academy award and rightfully so, as you ill feel butterflies Just listening to the poetic words of Saltier as he describes Mozart composition over the peaceful and soothing melody of a classical orchestra: On the page it looked nothing. The beginning simple, almost comic. Just a pulse bassoons and basset horns like a rusty squeezebox. Then suddenly high above it an oboe, a single note, hanging there unwavering, till a clarinet took over and sweetened It Into a phrase of such delight!This was no composition by a performing Maloney This was a music Id never heard. Filled with such longing, such unfulfilled ongoing, it had me trembling. It seemed to me that I was hearing the very voice of God. Amazing, how one can fit so much raw emotion into a simple monologue. It is this expertise that creates such a beautiful film. Abrahams narration continues throughout the entirety of the film, adding a needed element crucial to the pictures success.Success that could not be attained without the combination of superb acting, stunning camerawork, and a flawless story to create the groundwork for this from its creators. If you were to scrutinize Amadeus as a factually correct movie, you Mould be in for a long days work. Peter Shaffer, the original writer of the screenplay, has called his work a fantasized version of the facts, and admitted that he never Intended it to be a true representation of Mozart.With many people completely clueless of the 19th century, and even more so Mozart himself, this film gave many people an experience of Mozart and Saltier that is Just untrue. In the film Mozart was depicted as much more immature and innocently ignorant than history leads us to believe. We also know that Saltier never actually despised Mozart as the film so Obviously expresses. This information can easily be attained by anyone who cared to search it, and obviously Amadeus would be lacking without this harsh divide between Solider and his rival.Although the film is scattered with missed facts here and there, for example Mozart had two children and not one, it is understandable for this film to stretch the truth slightly to give the audience an experience that would otherwise be ruined. Therefore, this can easily be overlooked and barely takes away from the films immerse experience. Any film that offers as much as Peter Shaffer Amadeus must be recommended. The domination of the artistic elements in his film are apparent, and it will leave you wanting more and more.Although Mills Forman has a huge act to follow, Amadeus is Just as heart wrenching and spirit filled as One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. We see all the greatest and worst feelings in this perfectly crafted picture. Love, Joy, Jealousy, depression, all of which we can connect to. The artists vision was completely fulfilled in this huge blockbuster. I recommend this film to every person who wishes to experience a story of failure and triumph, love and hate, revenge and regret. Amadeus will hum on in your memory long after its emerged you into its vast world.

Religions Spread Through Conquest Essays (2402 words) - Culture

Religions Spread Through Conquest When studying history, both in a professional and academic sense, we try to make connections between civilizations and time periods. Historians have attempted to discover universal constants of human nature, a bond that forms from continent to continent, human being to human being. Is there a constant quality that all peoples posses, and is reflected in all civilizations? Indeed, it is extremely difficult to make generalizations about centuries of modern history. To say that something is true of all of history is virtually impossible, as a counter-example exists for just about anything that can be said of any group of civilizations. To say that all religions are spread by violence is equally unfair and untrue - because contrasted religions has been spread in exceedingly diverse regions of the world, by vastly different cultures. Islam, as a prime example, has been characterized inequitably by historians and the media as a religion of violence. To put it bluntly, as this article does, "Islam was mainly spread through Arab territorial conquests (Sudo, 4)." However, upon examination, it is not fair to make the generalization that Islam is a religion of violence, and one notices when looking at world religion on a whole, one finds that Islam was no more violent than any other religion. In fact, not only is Islam not a fundamentally violent philosophy, but we can also see that many other religions normally considered "non-violent," such as Christianity or Hinduism, have been spread through bloody conquest. Thus, in searching for a universal constant of history, we ought not fall into the "fallacy of abstractions," as Sydney J. Harris keenly puts it, and assume that because of isolated incidents and conflicts of territorial ambitions, that all religions have violent tendencies. Islam has, throughout the centuries, been somewhat a victim of circumstance - indeed it has been perceived by many as oppressive and cruel. This belief originated over a thousand years ago, when Islamic peoples first threatened the western world. As they slowly undermined Byzantine authority, Christians became terrified of their presence, resulting in widespread animosity and aversion. Hindus and Buddhists of the South Asian subcontinent lived under Islamic law for hundreds of years (Ahmad, et. al., 186), and eventually, in the twentieth century, split the region into angry factions (Ahmad, et. al., 207). Mohammed, the prophet of Islam, was a great warrior. This invariably lead defeated peoples to believe that he begot a cult of war and violence. Over the centuries, it also has developed the ability to instill a sense of holy purpose onto its believers and soldiers, where they go into a battle of certain death for their faith in the jihad, or holy war. Even today, the jihad is still a potent source of conflict and aversion, as the many of the problems in the Middle East center around the issue of Islamic Fundamentalism and the jihads. Originally, Islam was perceived by western historians as a religion of violence and conquest; "by preying on the caravans of the Quraish, [Mohammed] weakened them to the point of submission (Mohammed and Islam, 1)." In fact, Mohammed was a warrior, aristocrat, and brilliant strategist - a stark contrast to many other holy men of history. He was forced to both defend his cities and force submission, as the passage had shown, because of the strong military powers of his religious predecessors and oppressors, the pagans of the Middle East. Islam means "submission" according to the Islam discussion in class - and one might assume that the submission was attained through military and forceful means. In fact, while Mohammed preached peace from 610 to 622 AD, he attracted few converts and was persecuted by the current ruling paganistic regime. After the visions of 622 AD, he realized that his cause was even more urgent than before, and only at that point did he begin to utilize his military skills (Class Discussion). However, despite the more violent nature that his quest took, even after the revelations by Gabriel in 622 AD, "by reciting his revelations aloud, Mohammed made many converts, (Mohammed and Islam,1)." Mohammed was not a purely violent man, but also a great speaker and demagogue (Mueller, 2). He did

Old Man and the Sea essays

Old Man and the Sea essays In Ernest Hemingways Old man and the sea, Santiago, the books main character, is an old fisherman who is unlucky in the past 84 days. Manolin, his young devoted apprentice and friend, was forced to leave the boat by his parents because Santiago hadnt caught anything for so long. So on the 85th day Santiago decides to go much farther than he has ever gone before, and in doing that he catches an 18-foot marlin, and that is when the adventure begins. In this book Santiago demonstrates the best and the worst in a person through his actions in struggle, defeat, and death, endurance under pain, and pride. In this story Santiago demonstrates his actions under struggle, defeat, and death well when he catches the marlin of a lifetime. When Santiago sets sail for farther out than he has ever been before he didnt realize how big of a marlin he had gotten, he hooked him perfectly but then he started to pull the boat. And for three days the marlin pulled the boat, and for three days Santiago hung in there and didnt let go until he had finished. It was so hard for him to stay there while the fish just keep pulling he struggled to stay alert when the fish would suddenly pull forward. And he struggled while he had no cooked food for himself aboard the skiff, he had to eat raw fish that he caught to stay alive. Santiago almost gave up, he thought that the fish was about to defeat him but then the fish jumped and gave him the chance to pull in the rope and let the marlin fill his are sacks. Then he started to swim in circles and finally he speared the fish right through the heart. These a re some examples of how Santiago acted when under struggle, defeat, and death. During this same time Santiago experienced a lot of pain but he endured it the whole time. When his hand cramped up and he couldnt do anything, he had to endure that until it finally un-cramped and he could work with it again. When the ...

Types of Rhyme

Types of Rhyme Types of Rhyme Types of Rhyme By Simon Kewin The poet who wishes to write a rhyming poem has several different sorts of rhyme from which to choose. Some are strong, some more subtle, and all can be employed as the poet sees fit. The following are some of the main types :  Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã‚   End Rhymes Rhyming of the final words of lines in a poem. The following, for example, is from Seamus Heaney’s Digging :     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Under my window, a clean rasping sound   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the spade sinks into gravelly ground  Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã‚   Internal Rhymes Rhyming of two words within the same line of poetry. The following, for example, is from Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven :     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,  Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã‚   Slant Rhymes (sometimes called imperfect, partial, near, oblique, off etc.) Rhyme in which two words share just a vowel sound (assonance – e.g. â€Å"heart† and â€Å"star†) or in which they share just a consonant sound (consonance – e.g. â€Å"milk† and â€Å"walk†). Slant rhyme is a technique perhaps more in tune with the uncertainties of the modern age than strong rhyme. The following example is also from Seamus Heaney’s Digging :     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Between my finger and my thumb   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The squat pen rests; snug as a gun  Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã‚   Rich Rhymes Rhyme using two different words that happen to sound the same (i.e. homonyms) – for example â€Å"raise† and â€Å"raze†. The following example – a triple rich rhyme – is from Thomas Hood’s A First Attempt in Rhyme :     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Partake the fire divine that burns,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Milton, Pope, and Scottish Burns,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Who sang his native braes and burns.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã‚   Eye Rhymes Rhyme on words that look the same but which are actually pronounced differently – for example â€Å"bough† and â€Å"rough†. The opening four lines of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18, for example, go :     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shall I compare thee to a summers day?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thou art more lovely and more temperate:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And summers lease hath all too short a date:   Here, â€Å"temperate† and â€Å"date† look as though they rhyme, but few readers would pronounce â€Å"temperate† so that they did. Beware that pronunciations can drift over time and that rhymes can end up as eye rhymes when they were originally full (and vice versa).  Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã‚   Identical Rhymes Simply using the same word twice. An example is in (some versions of) Emily Dickinsons Because I Could not Stop for Death :     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We paused before a House that seemed   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Swelling of the Ground-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Roof was scarcely visible-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cornice- in the Ground-   Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã‚   It’s clear there is often a certain amount of overlap between rhyme and other poetical devices such as assonance – subjects to be covered in future poetry writing tips. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†Peace of Mind and A Piece of One's Mindâ€Å"Least,† â€Å"Less,† â€Å"More,† and â€Å"Most†

Business Expansion and Sustainability Research Paper - 1

Business Expansion and Sustainability - Research Paper Example The degree should be from a recognized university. Secondly, the applicants for the post should have an experience of not less than 3 years in the particular field required for the job position. Thirdly, the applicants should be registered with the professional bodies recognized by law and the government. Firstly, recruiting knowledgeable candidates who are conversant with the stated field will ease the placement of the recruits in the vacant positions. The job requirement of having a degree from a recognized university will make the staffing process easier in the placement stage. Also recruitment of qualified candidates ensures creates a pool of highly ranked employees in the organization and this improves the brand name of the company. As a result, the good brand name attracts more trained workers for the business operations (Bechet, 2008). Secondly, the previous work experience required from the candidates is essential in staffing since it enables selection of employees with of the right quality in terms of technical knowhow in the stated field. Additionally, the job requirement in previous work experience guarantees the organization little or no employee training in the future. In this way, the organization can be relieved from the costs spent in training and indeed direct it to other activities of the organization. The most effective strategy to ensure that the applicants meet the stated job requirements is by enquiring certificates and CVs from them. They should carry with them the academic certificates, work experience and registration documents from the professional bodies that are concerned with the particular field. In this way, you will screen the documents to ensure that there not forged, and, as a result select the applicants, which are just enough for the vacant position. A long-term recruitment plan that is in line with the company’s recruitment

Cross-culture management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cross-culture management - Essay Example Some of the major economic indicators of internationalization such as FDIs, international sales and overseas profits have been showing steady rise over the years. Enhanced multinational operations have led to increased multiculturalism in the organization. This has subsequently led to greater interaction and cohesiveness among employees and managers coming from different cultures and backgrounds. The study of cross cultural management necessarily focuses on studying behavioural aspects of individuals in the organizations located in different cultures and nations in the world. These studies essentially focus on the description and comparison of organizational behaviours across nations and cultures. More importantly it focuses on the interaction between people coming from different cultures and working in the same organization. These studies are found to be extremely useful for organizations while devising their strategies. Multinational organizations pay particular attention to the st udy of these literatures as it helps them devise international strategies. These literatures depicts past circumstances and puts forth evidence of different multi-cultural situations and their implications at the workplace which essentially contributes relevant and crucial factors based on which organizations devise international strategies and policies (Adler, 1983 p.1). The project seeks to bring forth usefulness of these academic literatures on national cultures which help MNCs devise their strategies. In this context, it brings forth the major cultural differences between the developed, underdeveloped and developing nations and also the typical differences existing between the western and eastern cultures of nations. Those aspects are essentially focused on which influences international strategies of organizations. Usefulness of the academic literature on national culture for helping a MNC devise its strategy Team working and functioning Multinational organizations are commonly characterized for conducting transnational projects. They are also conducted with the purpose of saving the cost of double parallel works in subsidiaries and making the maximum use of complementary resources. For more than 20 years, researchers have focused and shown that management practices necessarily remain embedded in national cultures and they have also regarded that the search for an effective and universal management style is meaningless. According to the views of Alderfer & Smith, (1982) individuals embedded in a particular culture tend to have and share certain common world views (Chevrier, 2003, p.142). These include particular ways of cooperating, conflict management, authority acceptance, or simple communication techniques. According to d’Iribarne, Henry, Segal, Chevrier, & Globokar, 1998; Triandis, (1994) researchers conducted on cross cultures depicts that national cultures can explain variations in attitude between 25% and 50%. However, there has not been any clear establishment of the fact that variety of world views affects team functioning positively or negatively. The conclusion derived from empirical research brings forth mixed views on the subject (Chevrier, 2003, p.142). On one hand it is advocated that the diversity of worldviews

American History Essay Example for Free

American History Essay From 1880 to 1890 farmers had to endure many hardships. For example, food prices were decreasing, which meant farmers had to produce more crops and borrow more money from the banks. The banks then charged high interest rates for loans to farmers. In addition, rail road shipping rates were increasing, farm machinery was every expensive, the farmers were isolated from the rest of the country, and they felt that they had an unresponsive government. The farmers believed that the deflating currency and the governments failure to regulate the banks and railroad companies were the two main sources for their problems. Food prices were at incredibly low prices when the 1880s began. This led to farmers having to grow more crops, but as Causes of Agricultural Unrest shows, this only helped to further decrease food prices. Unfortunately, the farmers could not just produce less and wait for prices to increase because they didnt have the time to wait for prices to increase. The farmers believed that deflation was the cause of the food prices dropping. According to the United Sates government data, the farmers had a very valid point. Between 1865 and 1895 the population of the United States almost doubled, while the money in circulation in 1880 was even less than in 1865. The farmers solution to the deflation was an increase in cheap money, which is also known as silver coinage. However, the Republican party had conservative ideas and wanted to keep the gold standard. So the farmers created the radical, agrarian party known as the Populist party. As shown in The platform of the Peoples party, the Populists believed in increasing silver to help the farmers. And although the Populists lost the election. no one remembers the Acceptance speech of William McKinley. The American people remember W. J. Bryans Cross of Gold speech and his ideas of silver coinage. As the number of crops farmers had to produce increased, so did the amount of money the farmers had to barrow from the banks. In reaction to the increasing number of loans, the banks charged very high interest rates. These high interest hurt the poor farmers even more and often the farmers could not repay the banks. The Farmers Voice depicts hundreds of impoverished farmers in shackles, being taken to the court house because they could not pay their farm mortgages from the bank. The late 19th century was filled with political corruption and the political machine was created. In most cases, state machines were republican and favored big businesses. When railroad companies decided to increase short haul rates and decrease long haul rates, the government was not upset because the long hall rates were great for big businesses and only hurt farmers. In the Testimony of George W. Parker the corruption is evident in his statement There is a decided distinction between local and through business different rules and practices apply to them. In The Octopus, one can see the harsh effects of the higher short haul rates on farmers. Overall, farmers had every right to be upset during the late 19th century. Their complaints about the deflation and unregulated railroad rates were valid and clearly the cause of their suffering.

The Age of The Renaissance :: The Renaissance

The Middle Ages is considered by many historians a time period of ignorance, where little or no advancements took place. The church was the center of attention, and instead of a philosophical view of the world, beliefs were centered around superstitions. On the other hand, the rebirth of education and advancements that followed the Middle Ages and was labeled as the Renaissance. There have been arguments as to whether the Renaissance is actually a separate time period, or instead, just a high point of the Middle Ages. The Renaissance was definitely a distinct era. Inspiration from the ancient Greek and Roman people led to humanism beliefs and encouraged man to become multi-talented. Therefore, the Renaissance man, a man who excelled in many areas, became prominent. Also, the ideals of the people changed, and religion no longer ruled their lives. Advancements in all aspects of life virtually improved. Thus, many aspects lead to the change from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, a ti me period that was undoubtedly distinct from the Middle Ages. During the Renaissance, ideas and beliefs changed greatly. Humanism, a crucial movement to the Renaissance, stressed secular ideas and beliefs and the importance of advocating human’s ideas and values. The movement drew inspiration from the ancient Greek and Roman people. Therefore, classical education began to circulate once again (document 1). The people of the Middle Ages had great amounts of ignorance and believed in faith and false ideas while focusing on childish possessions, but during the Renaissance these ignorant beliefs disappeared and humanism took its place (document 2). The church was no longer the center of life for many and some lost interest in the traditional beliefs that the church was preaching. Yet, it was still an important aspect. The church had lost large amounts of power and wealth due to the humanism movement because people became less reliable on the church and could think and follow ideals on their own. But, the church was rapidly changing during this time period also, because religion was focused on wealth and the money it could obtain (document 5). Instead, many supported the idea that the people who held secular beliefs should be ruled by noblemen that were scholarly, highly educated, and not only concerned with goods (document 5). Entirely new ideas and beliefs began to circulate during the Renaissance, and the church lost much of its great influence.

Classroom Management Essay

During my classroom observation, I observed the classroom of Mrs. Shanesta Pettway. Mrs. Pettway is a 9th grade history teacher at Jeff Davis High School. She runs a very structured class with a well plan classroom management plan. Mrs. Pettway follows a strict schedule during the 50 minutes of class time that students follow such as 15 minute bell ringer at the beginning of class, 15 minutes of lecture and class participation, and 15 minutes of section review assessment questions. She utilizes the final five minutes for students to put away books and prepare for their next class. Her classroom management plan does not allow students much time to talk or interact with each other. Her transition from the bell ringer to the class lecture was very smooth and the students seem to be in routine with moving from one assignment to the next. I believe her daily schedule is a great method of classroom management because it helps her to keep the students on track. Interaction with Students Mrs. Pettway fully interacts with her students throughout the class period. She walks also the classroom and monitors the progress of each student and makes sure they are staying on task with their assignment. She gets students involved in the discussion questions by randomly calling on them to answer questions. When her students have questions or do not understand information about their assignment, she provides them feedback to get them back on the right track. Classroom Setup The classroom is set up with 27 students. The students’ desks are all facing the front of the classroom. Her class consisted of a whiteboard, smart board, and projector. Mrs. Pettway desk is also stationed at the front of the classroom where she is able to see each student. The students are seated  in the classroom in alphabetical order facing the white board where the objectives and assignments and daily schedule were placed visible to the students. She also has two tables in the classroom that are seated away from the rest of the class for students with behavior issues. Classroom rules are placed on the wall near the entrance of the classroom visible for all students to see as they enter the classroom. Examples and Incidents of Mutual Respect Mrs. Pettway seems to be the person controlling the class at all times. She has built a personal rapport with students and they have a lot of respect for her. Mrs. Pettway greets the students by theirs name as they enter the class. When students want to get her attention they raise their hand, she acknowledges them and provides them with an appropriate answer. For example, when Mrs. Pettway was during her lecture, all students were attentive and listening. Her class exhibited no behaviors or distractions during class time. She also gives her students mutual respect by acknowledging and praising them for engaging in class discussion and completing the classroom before the end of class. Preventive Procedures and Activities At the beginning of class, Mrs. Pettway had already had her books turned to the chapter that she would be lecturing from. She also had the students’ assignments for the day listed on the board so they would know what the tasks were for the day. Her lesson was prepared before class and she was confident in the information she was teaching. The class activities were in line with the lecture and class discussion that was previously discussed and they were engaging and seemed to be interesting for the students. Discipline model used in the classroom and school The discipline model that was used in the classroom was to separate the students that had disruptive behavior from the rest of the class. She stated that she uses this model because it helps to cut down on the distractions and helps the rest of the class stay on track. Another discipline that she uses is parent teacher conferences for students with disruptive behavior. The schools discipline policy of disruptive behavior usually result in ISS in school suspension, detention, or suspension away from school. How does the teacher deal with a parent or guardian of a disruptive child? Mrs. Pettway stated that she holds parent or guardian conferences for her students often. If a student is being disruptive in the classroom, she makes contact with the parents or guardian for a conference to discuss the behavior. Mrs. Pettway stated that she deals with a parent or guardian of a disruptive child in a calm and professional manor. She discusses the student’s behaviors with the parents and possible solutions. She also stated that she works closely with the parents to set achieve goals for their child, monitor their behavior and holds follow up conferences with the parents to determine if the student’s behavior is improving. In conclusion, I learned how to effectively run a classroom management plan. The classroom observation was very informative and a great learning experience. I discovered different ways to deal with classroom behavior without affecting the learning of the other students in the classroom. I really enjoyed this classroom observation experience.

Phonetics and Phonology

REPUBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGOGICA EXPERIMENTAL LIBERTADOR INSTITUTO PEDAGOGICO DE CARACAS CATEDRA DE FONETICA Y FONOLOGIA ASIGNATURA: FONETICA Y FONOLOGIA II AN ANALYSIS OF A SPEECH SAMPLE IN WHICH UNDERLIE A VARIETY OF ENGLISH VOWEL SOUNDS Authors: Aymara Villasmil Daniel Rodriguez CARACAS, FEBRERO DE 2011 INTRODUCTION Throughout the years, a variety of famous linguists have made an attempt to define the difficult question of what language is. For instance, Halliday (1973) affirms that language is an instrument of communication among members of a social group.In relation to this, Gimson (1962) states that a language is a system of conventional signals used for a communication by a whole community. On the other hand, Whitman (1975) when trying to describe the concept of language establishes a particular connection between the use of language and the mental processes speaker experiences. He states that language, far from being independent of the mind, was so in extricably tied to the mind that the study of language was virtually the study of human mind.These different assumptions of what language is impel us, as future EFL teachers, to recognize the enormous responsibility teaching English as a foreign language involves. Due to the fact that we will necessarily have to handle several definitions of what language is and its components (syntax, grammar, phonetics and phonology, semantics,†¦) in order to help students realize the variety of elements they use when communicating with others.For instance, when teaching our students a language level such as phonetics and phonology, which primary involves pronunciation we have to make them aware that it is not only a matter of pronouncing sounds in isolation, but that these sounds are part of a communicative system the use in daily life. In relation to this, Strickland ( U. D ) states that learning a language, whether it is the mother tongue or a foreign one, is learning a system of sounds an d their arrangements in words and patterns of organization together with the concepts the words and patterns represent.The following written work has as a primary proposal, the analysis of a speech sample recorded from a beginner speaker of English language who read a four – paragraph newspaper article in which the following vocalic sounds were immersed: mid – low back /? /, low front /? / , mid -high back / /, mid – high front /? / . Through the record we will be analyzing the substitution the speaker made or not of any of the four vocalic sounds mentioned before.We will be explaining why the speaker made that substitution, which factors influenced in the substitution and finally, we will be giving a variety of suggestions / recommendations for the appropriated production of vowel sounds of English and the rest of the inventory sounds. General Objective ? To explain the transference the speaker makes when pronouncing the English vowels which do not belong / exi st to Spanish inventory sounds. Specific Objectives ? To demonstrate the articulatory features that influence the speaker when pronouncing English vowel sounds. To establish different factors that affect the Speaker when pronouncing English vowels. ? To provide students accurate and useful pronunciation techniques that will make them improve their pronunciation of English. ONE of the few surprises at the Golden Globes two weeks ago — you’ll be forgiven if you’ve already forgotten about that odd little broadcast — was the award given to â€Å"Carlos,† the French director Olivier Assayas’s five-hour-plus reconstruction of the life and career of the notorious terrorist of the 1970s and ’80s Carlos the Jackal.The award represented a high point of cosmopolitanism at a predictably parochial event: 11 languages spoken on screen; dozens of locations across Europe and the Middle East; a polyglot cast led by a Venezuelan star, Edgar Ramirez, wh o has the potential to become an international sex symbol. What more could you want from a foreign film? /w? n ? v fju s? rprajz? z ? t gold? n globz tu wiks ? go ju ll bi f? rg? v? n ? f ju vealready f? rg? t? n ? bawt t ? d l? t? l br? dk? st w? z ?w? rd g? v? n tu k? rlos, fr? nt? d? r? kt? r ol? vie assayas sfive- aw? r- pl? s rik? nstr? k n ? lajf ? nd k? r? r ? v not? ri? s t? r? r? st ? v 1970s ? nd 80s k? rlos d k? l. ?w? rd r? pr? z? nt? d ? haj p? jnt ? v cosmopolitanism ? t ? pr? d? kt? bli p? roki? l ? v? nt: 11 l gw? d z spok? n ? n skrin; d? z? nz ? v loke nz ? kr? s j? r? p ? nd m? d? l ist; ? p? liglat k? st l? d baj ? v? n? zwel? n st? r, dgar r? m, rezwho h? z p? t? n l tu b? k? m ? n ? nt? rn n? l s? ks s? mb? l. w? t m? r k? d ju w? nt fr? m ? f? r? n f? lm/ |Phonetic Transcription |Well pronounced |mispronounced |Segment used for substitution | |/? / | | | | |/? f/ | | |Substitution of the mid-high front | | | | |vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ | |/ t/ | | | | |/l? t? l/ | | | | |/br? k? st/ | | |Back closing diphthong /ou/ instead of | | | | |the mid low back /? / in the first | | | | |syllable. | |/br? dk? st/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the central schwa /? in the second| | | | |syllable. | |/g? v? n/ | | | | |/ol? vie/ | | | | |/? nd/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the central schwa /? in the second| | | | |syllable. | |/k? r? r/ | | | | |/t? r? r? st/ | | |Substitution of the Mid- high front | | | | |vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ | |/sev? nt? / | | |Deletion of the mid-high back vowel. |/? nd/ | | | | |/e? t? / | | |Deletion of the mid-high back vowel. | |/d k? l/ | | | | |/? t/ | | | | | | | | | |/pr? ? kt? b? l/ | | |Substitution o the Mid- high front | | | | |vowel /I/ for the mid front in the | | | | |first syllable and substitution of Mid-| | | | |high front vowel /I/ for the Spanish | | | | |/i/ in the second syllable. |/? v? nt | | | | |/l gw? d z/ | | |Substitut ion of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the central /? / in the first | | | | |syllable. | |/? kr? s/ | | |Substitution of the mid-low back /? , | | | | |for the Spanish /o/ | |/? nd/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the central schwa /? / in the second| | | | |syllable. | |/m? d? / | | |Substitution of the Mid- high front | | | | |vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ | |/k? st/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the Mid-low back /? / | |/r? mirez/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? | | | | |for the central Schwa /? / | |/h? z/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the Mid-low back /? / | |/b? k? m/ | | | | |/? n/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? | | | | |for the central Schwa /? / | |/? nt? rn n? l/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the central Schwa /? / | |/? nt? rn n? l/ | | | | |/s? mb? l/ | | | | |/k? / | | | | |/f? lm/ | | | | Except that â€Å"Carlos† was not n ominated for the Golden Globe in that category (the winner was â€Å"In a Better World,† from Denmark): it was made for, and first shown on, French television, a fact that also rendered it ineligible for consideration — as a foreign-language or any other kind of film — by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, which announced its nominees last Tuesday.Mr. Assayas’s dark-horse victory at the Globes was for best miniseries or motion picture made for television. Fair enough, given its origins. Then again, â€Å"Carlos† has encountered its American audience in the way more and more foreign films do these days: on a handful of movie screens in big cities, and on cable and video-on-demand. So its exclusion from the Oscars seems somewhat arbitrary. /? ks? pt t k? rlos w? z n? t n? m? net? d f? r gold? n glob ? n t k? t? g? ri ( w? n? r w? z ? n ? b? t? r w? rld, fr? m d? nm? rk): ? t w? z med f? r, ? nd f? rst ? on ? n, fr? nt? t? l? v n, ? f? kt t ? so r? nd? rd ? t ? n? l? d b? l f? r k? ns? d? re n ? z ? f? r? n- l gw? d? ?r ? ni r kajnd ? v f? lm baj ?k? d? mi ? v mo n p? kt r ? rts ? nd saj? ns? z, w? t? ?nawnst ? ts n? m? niz l? st tuzdi. m? st? r. assayas sdark- h? rs v? kt? ri ? t globz w? z f? r b? st m? nisiriz ? r mo n p? kt r med f? r t? l? v n. f? r ? n? f, g? v? n ? ts ? r? d nz. n ? g? n, k? rlos h? z ? nkawnt? rd ? ts ? m? r? k? n ? di? ns ? n we m? r ? nd m? r f? r? n f? lmz du ? iz dez: ? n ? h? ndf? l ? v muvi skrinz ? n b? g s? tiz, ? nd ? n keb? l ? nd v? dio- ? n- d? m? nd. so ? ts ? ksklu n fr? m sk? rz simz s? mw? t ? rb? tr? ri/ |Phonetic Transcription |Well pronounced |mispronounced |Segment used for substitution | |/? ks? pt/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the mid front /e/ | |/ t/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the Mid-low back /? | |/? n/ | | | | |/ t/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/k? t? g? ri/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the Mid-low back /? | |/w? n? r/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/? n/ | | | | |/? t/ | | | | |/? nd/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/t? l? v n/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/f? kt/ | | | | |/ t/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/? t/ | | | | |/? n? l? d b? l/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ in the second | | | | |syllable. | |/k? ns? d? re / | | | | |/? z/ | | | | |/l gw? d? / | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the mid-front /e/ | |/en? / | | | | |/f? m/ | | | | |/? k? d? mi/ | | | | |/p? kt r/ | | | | |/? nd/ | | | | |/w? t? / | | | | |/? s/ | | | | |/l? st/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the Mid-low back /? / | |/m? st? r/ | | | | |/v? kt? ri/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/? t/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/m? st? r? z/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/p? kt / | | | | |/t? l? v n/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/g? v? n/ | | | | |/? ts/ | | | | |/? ? d nz/ | | |Substitution of schwa /? / for the highest | | | | |front vowel /i/ in the second syllable, | | | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ in the third | | | | |syllable. | |/h? / | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/? ts/ | | | | |/? n/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/? d/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/f? lmz/ | | | | |/h? ndf? l/ | | | | |/ h? ndf? l/ | | | | |/? / | | | | |/b? g/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/s? tiz/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/? d/ | | | | |/v? dio/ | | | | |/d? m? nd/ | | | | |/d? m? nd/ | | | | |? s | | | | |? ksklu n | | | | |? sk? rz | | |Substitution of the mid low back /? /, for | | | | |the Spanish /o/ |But so does everything else about the way the Academy deals with movies from the rest of the world. An elaborate and mysterious winnowing process pares down the thousands of potential nominees to five. This year they are â€Å"Dogtooth† from Greece, â€Å"Incendies† from Canada, â€Å"Biutiful† from Mexico, â€Å"Outside the Law† from Algeria and â€Å"In a Better World,† which might be considered the front-runner if you take the Globes as an omen. /b? t so d? z ? vri ?ls ? bawt we ?k? d? mi dilz w muviz fr? m r? st ? v w? rld. ?n ? l? br? t ? nd m? st? ri? w? no pr? s? s p? rz dawn ?awz? ndz ? v p? t? n l n? m? niz tu fajv. s j? r ? e ? r dogtooth fr? m gris, incendies fr? m k? n? d? , biutiful fr? m m? ks? ko, awtsajd l? fr? m ? ld ri? ?nd ? n ? b? t? r w? rld, w? t? majt bi k? ns? d? rd fr? nt- r? n? r ? f ju tek globz ? z ? n om? n/ |Phonetic Transcription |Well pronounced |mispronounced |Segment used for substitution | |/? vri / | | | | |/? k? d? i/ | | | | |/w / | | | | |/? n/ | | | | |/? l? br? t/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? | |/? nd/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/m? st? r? z/ | | |Substitution of mid high front /I/ for the | | | | |mid-front /e/ in the second syllable. | |/w? no | | | | |/ s/ | | |Replacement of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/j? r/ | | | | |/k? n? d? / | | |The speaker did not produce de vowel sound. |/? ld ri? / | | |Substitution of mid high front /I/ for the | | | | |mid-front /e/ in the second syllable. | |/? ld ri? / | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the Mid-low back /? / in the first syllable | |/? n/ | | | | |/w? ? / | | | | |/k? ns? d? rd/ | | | | |/? f/ | | | | |/? z/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? | |/? n/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | â€Å"Dogtooth† came and went on a few American screens last spring, and â€Å"Outside the Law† had a brief run in December (and may return shortly); only â€Å"Biutiful,† whose globally famous star, Javier Bardem, was nominated for best actor, is likely to be playing now at a theater near you.The others will be released in the late winter or early spring, in the hopes of realizing some kind of box office bounce. The usual pre-nomination handicapping — the canvassing of critical opinion and the weighing of popular sentiment — does not apply to these movies, which might in principle make the choices less compromised, but in practice only serves to make them more confusing. dogtooth kem ? nd w? nt ? n ? fju ? m? r? k? n skrinz l? st spr , ? nd awtsajd l? h? d ? brif r? n ? n d? s? mb? r ( ? nd me r? t? rn rtli); onli biutiful, huz glob? i fem? s st? r, h? vi? r bardem, w? z n? m? net? d f? r b? st ? kt? r, ? z lajkli tu bi ple naw ? t ? ?i? t? r n? r ju. rz w? l bi rilist ? n let w? nt? r ? r ? rli spr , ? n hops ? v ril? jz s? m kajnd ? v b? ks ? f? s bawns. ju w? l pri- n? m? ne n h? ndik? p k? nv? s ?v kr? t? k? l ? p? nj? n ? nd we ?v p? pj? l? r s? nt? m? nt d? z n? t ? plaj tu ? iz muviz, w? t? majt ? n pr? ns? p? l mek t js? z l? s k? mpr? m? jzd, b? t ? n pr? kt? s onli s? rvz tu mek m m? r k? nfjuz / Phonetic Transcription |Well pronounced |mispronounced |Segment used for substitution | |/? nd/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel| | | | |/? / for the central Schwa /? / | |/l? st/ | | |Substitution o f the low front vowel| | | | |/? for the low-back. | |/spr / | | | | |/? nd/ | | | | |/h? d/ | | | | |/? n/ | | | | |/? d/ | | | | |/? kt? r/ | | | | |/? z/ | | | | |/ple / | | | | |/? t/ | | | | |/n? / | | |Substitution of the mid-high back | | | | |vowel /I/ for the central diphthong| | | | |/I? / | |/w? l/ | | |Substitution of the mid-high back | | | | |vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ | |/? / | | | | |/w? nt? r/ | | | | |/spr / | | | | |/? n/ | | | | |/ril? jz / | | | | |/? ? s/ | | |Substitution of the mid low back | | | | |/? /, for the Spanish /o/ | |/h? ndik? p / | | |Substitution of the mid-high back | | | | |vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ | |/h? ndik? p | | | | |/k? nv? s / | | | | |/k? nv? s / | | |Substitution of the mid-high back | | | | |vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ | |/kr? t? k? l/ | | | | |/? p? j? n/ | | | | |/? nd/ | | | | |/we / | | | | |/w? t? / | | | | |/? n/ | | | | |/pr? s? p? l/ | | | | |/? n/ | | | | |/pr? kt? s/ | | | | |/k? nfjuz / | | | | METHODOLOGYAn IPC s tudent from the Second semester was selected for the recording of the speech sample which was one of the main concerns of this investigation. The recording was made on February 9th in a classroom of the IPC. The electronic device used was a low quality cell phone whose recording application allowed us to record the student’s speech and then, through USB connection, transferred the audio to the PC and copied the data in a CD-ROM. ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS †¢ CHART N? 1 Production of the vowel sound mid – low back /? / in a text read by a student of the second semester at the IPC. | |Pronunciation | | |Sound | | | | | |Substitution | | |Well – Pronounced | | | | | |Mispronounced | | | | | |Substitution of the mid | |/? |0 |4 |low back /? /, for the | | |0% |100 % |Spanish /o/ in most of | | | | |the cases. | †¢ For the vowel sound low front /? / (fifty – three times). †¢ For the vowel sound mid -high back /? / (two – times). †¢ Fo r the vowel sound mid – high front /? / (eighty – two times). †¢ For the vowel sound mid-low back /? / ( four times) Sound |Right |Wrong |Substitution | | |2 |0 | | |/? / |100% |0% |None | |Sound |Right |Wrong |Substitution | | |57 |24 | | |/? |70% |30% |In most of the cases, | | | | |replacement of the mid high | | | | |front /I/ for the highest | | | | |front /i/ | Sound |Right |Wrong |Substitution | | |22 |31 | | |/? / |42% |58% |In most of the cases, | | | | |Substitution of the low front| | | | |vowel /? for the central | | | | |Schwa /? / | 1- The speaker’s most troublesome sound was the mid – low back vowel of English /? /, although its incidence in the whole article was very low, only four times. Nevertheless, the student substituted the English sound /? / whose lip- position is similar to the one of Spanish / o /, that is, slightly rounded. 2- After the mid-low back vowel, the most troublesome sound was the low front vowel /? /, due to the f act that the speaker substituted this sound /? / in most of the cases for schwa /? or Mid-low back /? /, in which the lips are slightly spread and the vowels for the substitution are lax (/? /) and tense (/? /) respectively. Some aspects that may cause trouble for the speaker is the word spelling, because sometimes they tend to get confused or doubtful when pronouncing a word, in the moment they see a difficult or uncommon spelling. RECOMMENDATIONS In order to facilitate our labor as future English teachers and to encourage our students to learn the language while developing effective skills, being speaking our main concern, the researchers selected a series of educational techniques: ? ReadingsAs future EFL teachers we have to expose our students to English language through â€Å"readings† in which students will find a visual stage (graphemes) and an auditory one (phonemes). Students will read aloud pieces of writings made by them or any selected reading material made by the teacher such as, short stories A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, To Build a fire by Jack London, or any play such as: Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. Students will read or hear structures like: pot – stop, tip – sleep, car – bad and the will also be aware of the likenesses or differences among vocalic sounds immersed in the readings. Dictation EFL teachers must develop listening skill, so as a speaking one, in their students and this can be done through the appropriate use of dictation as a useful and realistic technique that will allow students to receive a phonic background and then to analyze the spelling data involved, that is, graphemes. The most important part of this method is that students will be able to create the pieces of writings that will be read by the teacher or among the classmates and whose content will be according to their interests and experiences, so student? creative expression will also be taken into account as essential par t of the learning process. ? Poetry According to Stuckland (1962) students like poetry first for its singing quality, for its rhyme, rhythm and all that goes into the melody of verse. That is, the enjoyable environment poetry creates when students interpret its content. Suggested poems will be: Hickory, Dickory, Dock by William Wallace Denslow in whose content are presented a variety of vowel sounds. CONCLUSIONSIn order to make our students aware of the different vowels in English, we as English teachers, have to clarify and exemplify several exercises for them, to make a distinction in pronunciation patterns of the sounds they can find more troublesome in English. We can write similar words in the board and provide a distinction of sounds to differentiate them, so students could see the pronunciation if we would practice with them the distinction and very essential, the spelling patterns for the English vowel productions and examples with these.Furthermore, if we teach these spelli ng patterns criteria and we practice the pronunciation of these difficult vowels for our students, they will assimilate and acquire a better understanding, specifically if we focus our attention on these vowels /? / and /? /. As another useful activity, we can encourage our students to produce the different vowels of English by different techniques, and be aware of common mistakes in the utterance of the mid-low back and /? / and the low front /? /.Regarding this, we can explain our students different techniques to practice in the classroom, such as reading activities, dictations, spelling patterns, pronunciation differences and others. Finally, we as EFL teachers have to be more sensible while listening to our student? s vowel production and when they find it difficult to make a distinction between the vowel systems of English and Spanish, and we can provide them with a comparison and contrast pattern, in order to provide them with the comprehension and accurate distinction between these systems, making their pronunciation more accurate. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCESSAPIR, EDWARD  (1921)  Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. Harcourt Brace and Company, Orlando, Florida. STRICKLAND, RUTH (1969) The language arts. D. C Health and Company. Lexington, Massachusetts. A. C,GIMSON (1962) An introduction to the pronunciation of English. Reader in Phonetics, University College, London. A. C,GIMSON (1975) A practical Course of English Pronunciation, a perceptual approach. Edward Arnold Publishers, 25 Hill Street, London. ———————– Professor: Viktor Carrasquero Hickory, dickory, dock The mouse ran up the clock The clock struck one, The mouse ran down, Hickory, dickory, dock

Critical Study of Alcohol and Hepatocytes Cell Necrosis The WritePass Journal

Critical Study of Alcohol and Hepatocytes Cell Necrosis Introduction Critical Study of Alcohol and Hepatocytes Cell Necrosis IntroductionReferencesRelated Introduction The tissue shows vast inflammation, there are large gaps in between the hepatocytes due to cell necrosis and the hepatocytes remaining are large and swollen. There are fatty deposits throughout the tissue and fibrous structures present which are most likely collagen.   The hepatocytes themselves are not only swollen but have the presence of globular material within. This is identified as Mallory bodies, seen in cases of alcoholic hepatitis. These globules are aggregates of intermediate filaments in the cytoplasm which have resulted from hepatocyte injury. Neutrophils can be seen in the sample which is the likely cause of inflammation. These would have been called to the tissue due to the necrosis of the hepatocytes and the presence of cellular debris within the lobules [1]. An infiltration of macrophages can be seen which would also be due to the debris present. The first stage of alcoholic liver disease is the increase of fatty deposits in the liver. Heavy alcohol consumption causes the production of large fatty globules a process known as macrovesicular steatosis collecting in the liver cells.   Ethanol consumed is metabolised by alcohol dehydrase in the mitochondria into toxic acetaldehyde which is metabolised by aldehyde dehydrogenase into acetic acid [1][2][3]. The production of acetaldehyde causes a higher NADH: NAD ratio which is the main mechanism in the development of this condition. This NADH production causes increase in lipogenesis and a decrease in fatty acid oxidation. The higher levels of fatty acids signal the hepatocytes to compound glycerol into triglycerides [3]. This is seen in the first stage of liver damage known as alcoholic hepatitis [2]. Excess alcohol intake can also cause hepatocyte injury via oxidative stress from increased NADH production in which free radicals damage the hepatocytes (increased production by th e kupffer cells); and from lipid peroxidation where acetylhyde binds to proteins forming adducts [1]. This binding triggers humoral and cellular immune responses resulting in tissue injury. There is an increase in pro inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor and interleukin -6 and a decrease in anti inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin -4 [1]. These cytokines in particularly TNF are secreted by the kupffer cells (macrophages) located in the liver. They’re activated by the increased levels of endotoxin released from the breakdown of alcohol by intestinal bacteria; this binds to the CD14 receptor on their surface initiating response.   The release of these cytokines leads to the hepatic stellate cells producing increased levels of collagen which leads to liver fibrosis and also causes destructive damage to the hepatocytes. This leads to the last stage of liver disease known as cirrhosis which can occur in prolonged alcoholic hepatitis, seen in 40% of cases [1][4]. Individuals suffering with alcoholic hepatitis have an increase in serum bilirubin due to the inability of the damaged liver to process it. Bilirubin is normally removed from the blood by the liver, processed by it and released into the bile [4][5]. They’ll also have prolonged prothrombin time which reflects decreased hepatic synthetic function [4][5]. A number of clotting factor proteins are produced in the liver so an increase in coagulation time suggests a decrease in these factors indicating dysfunction of the liver. Decreased serum albumin can be observed in cases of liver injury as this is the main protein produced in the liver. Thyroid tests can indicate liver dysfunction such as testing for T3- triiodothrynonine which appears decreased in individuals with alcoholic hepatitis and is proportional to the level of damage[6][4]. There is also a decrease in serum cholesterol level seen in this condition. In cases where excessive alcohol consumption is not the cause of hepatitis further testing should be done.   Individuals can develop hepatitis due to drug use as currently 1000 drugs are seen to be hepatotoxic [7].   There must be a chronic correlation seen between when the medicine was first taken and the observation of hepatitis. There must also be a correlation between the removal of medication and the recession of the condition [4]. Other causes of hepatitis must also be tested for such as viral hepatitis. There are 5 subsets of viral hepatitis A, B, C, and the less common D and E forms. Hepatitis A is the most common form and is passed on by the faecal– oral route. It’s tested for by the presence of the anti-HAV IgM antibody which tests positive before the development of clinical hepatitis and remains positive for at least 4months. Hepatitis B is tested for by the presence of surface antigen HBsAg. Anti HBC total and Anti – HBC IgM is also tested for. A soluble protein HBeAg is produced by the virus in acute and early chronic stages of hepatitis B so positivity of this indicates infection. Hepatitis C infection has the presentation of Anti-HCV seen in 90% of individuals with this infection [7]. The possibility of autoimmune hepatitis can be ruled out by testing of HLA class II expression on the surface of the hepatocytes. There is also an increase seen in IgG antibody and a variety of other antibodies such as SLA/LP (anti soluble liver protein) [8]. References [1] Hopkins. J. Alcoholic liver disease – Introduction, gastroenterology and hepatology. Baltimore M.D 2010 [2] www.britishlivertrust.org . Accessed 28.11.10 [3 ]Drriad. Pathogenesis of hepatitis infection from chronic alcoholism, Figure 1. 2007 [4] www.hepatitis.org. Phillipe.L, Hepatogastroenterology department, Brugmann University Hospital Brussells Accessed 28.11.10 [5]gastro.com/Gastro/liverdisease/liver_function.aspx,   Gardner. P.W and Waldstreicher.W, American Liver Foundation 1995 Accessed 28.11.10 [6] Borzio. M et al, Thyroid function tests in chronic liver disease: evidence for multiple abnormalities despite clinical euthyroidism. GUT Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, Vol 24(7), Jul 1983. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1420033/. Accessed 28/11/10 [7] oaml.com/PDF/CLP012.pdf. Guidelines for clinical laboratory practice, revised March 2000, Accessed 28.11.10 [8]Krawitt. E.L Autoimmune hepatitis: classification, heterogeneity, and treatment, January 1994.   Am. J. Med. Vol 96 (1A): 23S–26S.

How to Make Crystal Clear Ice Cubes

How to Make Crystal Clear Ice Cubes While you are making glow in the dark ice, why not make some clear ice? There is a trick to making clear ice cubes, but it isnt complicated and doesnt require an expensive restaurant ice machine. You need pure water and you need to control how it cools. The ice maker in a typical home freezer has a water filter, but usually produces opaque ice. This is because the water doesnt cool at the right rate to produce clear ice or else there is a lot of air in the water. Clear ice is easily made using bottled water that had been purified using reverse osmosis  or  distillation, but you can make clear ice from tap water. To do this, boil the water to remove most of the dissolved air. Ideally you want to boil the water, let it cool, then reboil again. But, you should be able to get good results just boiling the water once. Let the water cool slightly to minimize the risk of getting burned and then pour it into an ice cube tray and put it in the freezer. So,  you can make clear ice by boiling and freezing filtered water, but the cooling rate is also important. If the ice freezes too slowly the result is milky on the bottom and clear on top. Unfortunately, you dont have a lot of control over the freezers cooling rate. You can play with the starting temperature of the water until you get the results you desire. What can you do with clear ice? One thing you can do is to use it as a magnifying glass. In a pinch, you can use an ice lens to start a fire. Also, unless you like the taste of quinine, clear ice tastes a lot better in drinks than glowing ice.

Facebook 2011 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Facebook 2011 - Case Study Example While the topic may be argued in support of or otherwise contrary, this section of the paper intends to qualify the position of Drucker, who is celebrated to having contributed much on entrepreneurship and marketing, as would be evident from the case study on ‘Facebook in 2011’. The analysis of how ‘Facebook’ came into being leaves one amazed on how creativity would be merged with opportunity to bring about totally new creations which would not only be fascinating but that would be great business innovations (Horibe, 2003, p. 20). One would cite creativity as main instrument that facilitated development of the initial facebook website in 2004 as a digital directory for the students within Harvard University. Mark Zuckerberg just thought of way that would merge the school’s resources on a common directory platform online from the various pieces of online directories as were in use then. After the initial creation of a personal profile, one would always view other people’s profiles so long as they were digitally friends. As against such believes that people would hold that innovation is about accidental creations, the creation of facebook initially stemmed from the practical need to have such profiles aid in accessing individual pro files through a harmonized online platform as against visiting various platforms for such information that would be easily shared by ‘friends’. Besides, no magic or mystery as would be thought of was involved in spreading the awareness as soon, the idea reached many other institutions through deliberate efforts by subscribers to invite own friends. In fact, it was after the tremendous spread of the idea and the support by various other players that facebook became a company as the brain behind the innovation says the lack of operating funds had restrained the development of the idea into a company or trading venture

Loneliness and Isolation in Different Media Essay

Loneliness and Isolation in Different Media - Essay Example The essay "Loneliness and Isolation in Different Media" discovers he Loneliness and Isolation theme in the context of Different Media. Slaughter makes the meaning clear from the beginning through the end that the persona in the poem is lonely. He intensifies the feeling by repeating the word â€Å"loneliness† throughout the poem especially in the first two stanzas. He further emphasizes the theme using repetition of the word â€Å"loneliness† in the last four lines of the poem. Note that the repetition effects to an alliteration and even to an exaggeration. In addition, as the lines of the poem highlight the theme of loneliness, they imply the idea of morbidity. Finding loneliness in everything that the persona sees in his surroundings, including the land, seas, etc., he expresses severity of his loneliness, thus making it appear as if he is under depression. In addition to the alliteration, Slaughter represents the feelings of the persona using his surroundings. He use s phrases with compound nouns beginning with â€Å"lonely† such as lonely trek, lonely mist, lonely spies, lonely circles, lonely tears, lonely cries, and lonely tears. He also adds compound nouns such as â€Å"coursing strife† and â€Å"flowing pain† to underscore the dilemma of the persona. Using images to represent feelings suggests Slaughter’s use of symbolism. The theme of loneliness is likewise expressed in Hopper‘s painting. The subject of this painting is a middle aged woman who sits alone, expressionless in a hotel, unmindful of the morning sun.

Difference in the Health Care Systems of the USA and Germany Research Paper

Difference in the Health Care Systems of the USA and Germany - Research Paper Example The combined health care system is the basis of the US healthcare system where both the private and public sectors play a significant role to present a convenient and superlative health care system. In most of the cases, there can be found an apparent authority of public element over the private element. A report says that in 2010, more than 64% of the US population got the private health insurance which means nearly 195.9 million people were covered by this sector. In the year 2011, the percentage of privately insured people was 63.9%. However, in the USA, there are two health care programmes, Medicare and Medicaid, which are supervised by the US federal Department of Health and Human Services. People over 65 years and above get Medicare service whereas Medicaid is a system that offers financial help to the poor. These systems cover nearly 87 million Americans. On the other hand, the act, Health Care Reform Provisions, which is known as Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (H. R. 3590)   was passed by the House of Representatives and signed by the U.S. President Barack Obama. The bill was passed on Sunday, March 21 and signed by the President on Tuesday, March 23. The bill, which is regarded as a comprehensive health care reform bill, was formally passed by the Senate on December 24, 2009.  Medicare benefits are provided through traditional fee-for-service handled by the federal government. In 2004, the US government spent $297 billion provided to support 42   million  Medicare beneficiaries. This system covers the people of 65 years of age and above. It includes payroll taxes, general revenue,   premium contributions and taxation of social safety benefits. Payroll taxes have been paid by most of the beneficiaries of standard Medicare during their working period to ensure their participation in Medicare  hospitalization programme.  

How Different People Behave in the Presence of Authority Essay Example for Free

How Different People Behave in the Presence of Authority Essay The survey and behavior study was conducted in a finance office branch of the United States military. The office is comprised of both military and civilian employees as well as several different races and nationalities. A short written survey was conducted in order to discover how the military versus civilian personnel behaved in the presence of authority as well as how different races and nationalities behaved in the presence of authority. These surveys were filled out voluntarily and participants were asked not to include their name on their survey in order to remove any identification or bias. However, they were asked to provide information about their military or civilian status. In addition, observations were also recorded after the survey as the employees went about their normal business activities while at least one authority figure was present. The questions asked are as followed: 1. Do you work harder when an authority figure is present? Why or why not? 2. How do you normally respond to authority while on the job? 3. What do authority figures do to motivate you to work harder? 4. What do authority figures do that causes you to not work as hard? 5. What can authority figures do in the future to motivate you? Combined with the observations this survey provided valuable insight into the differences in behavior among civilian and military employees as well as differences across races and nationalities. The most striking discovery was that military personnel appear to be more motivated when in the presence of authority. From a personal standpoint, this phenomenon may be due to the intense training and fear of punishment within the military. Military soldiers and officers are trained to respond immediately to authority and to refrain from questioning authority. At the same time, military personnel cannot be simply fired from a job as civilians are. In the majority of cases, military personnel sign up for a certain amount of time in the military and failing to meet these obligations is much more complicated than just being fired. This is one possible reason why the military employees within this particular finance office respond so positively to authority figures. Further, the written surveys provided additional support for this theory. The military employees overwhelmingly responded that they were more motivated when an authority figure was present. Similarly, the majority of military employees also answered that this was because they wanted to perform well for their immediate boss but that they also wanted to avoid the humiliation that comes with making unnecessary mistakes. The civilian employees also answered that they were more motivated to work harder in the presence of an authority figure. However, their reasoning was most often due to their fear of losing their job if they did not perform well enough. The questions and observations regarding behavior associated with not working as hard also provided some valuable insight into the differences between military and civilian personnel. The military employees reported that they often were much more at ease when an authority figure was not present but that they could never completely let down their guard. Several of those military employees who participated in the study reported that they felt as if someone was always watching them and that any unbecoming behavior would eventually make its way to their commanding officers which would put their rank and position in jeopardy. In contrast, the civilian employees reported being able to joke around and being a little less focused on their work when an authority figure was not present. However, two of those surveyed responded that they were hesitant to engage in this type of behavior in front of military personnel simply because the military employees did not behave in this way. There were also some important differences found among the different races and ethnicities within this particular finance office. For example, there is one Middle Eastern civilian employee who works in the office as well as one Indian civilian. These two employees are very dedicated to their jobs and work very hard to perform well. They are both very respectful of their white bosses and strive to please them at all times. These two employees were not observed engaging in any different types of behavior when authority figures were not present. Instead, they continued their work as if the authority figure was still in the room. Additionally, they were always careful to make eye contact with the person they were speaking with and were also careful to remain respectful at all times. While the white military and civilian officers were also observed to be respectful and dedicated to their work, they were also more likely to be more relaxed when interacting with authority figures. Further, they were also more likely to have relationships with their bosses in the form of questions about their families and activities when not on the clock. The hours that employees work in this particular finance office are from 0730 until 1600. The observations and survey took place within these hours. The written survey was conducted between 0800 and 0900 and the remainder of the day was filled with observations regarding behavior. The observations provided important insight about the differences in motivation in the morning versus towards the end of the work day. In the morning, the employees were observed sitting at their desks, booting up their computers and getting right to work. There was very little interaction among employees beyond casual greetings until lunchtime. As the lunch break approached the employees could be overheard discussing what to do with their time and generally looking forward to a short break. While the employees returned from lunch and returned right to work the atmosphere remained upbeat. The employees engaged in a little more chatter right after lunch and as the end of the work day approached they once again increased their amount of dialogue. However, it was also observed that the amount of talking was significantly less when an authority figure was present than when an authority figure was not present. Further, the white military and civilian employees engaged in more dialogue with each other than did the other races or nationalities. A final interesting and insightful bit of knowledge that was gained from the survey and observations was associated with the last question: â€Å"What can authority figures do in the future to motivate you? † The majority of participants responded that authority figures would motivate them to work harder through incentives. These incentives did not necessarily need to be tangible goods. Instead, most of the participants felt that praising them for a job well done or thanking them for their hard work was sufficient in making them feel valuable. Further, the participants felt that when their work was noticed it was easier to stay motivated because it helped them improve on their weaknesses by using their strengths. The participants responded that when their efforts were noticed and praised they were more willing and motivated to work on their weaknesses without feeling as if they were bad at their jobs. Overall, the employees within this particular finance office were hard working and dedicated to their jobs. They behaved appropriately in the presence of an authority figure and even though they were more relaxed when an authority figure was not present they were still performing their jobs satisfactorily. The military employees displayed more discipline, possibly because of their training. The Middle Eastern and Indian employees were more reserved and less relaxed than the white employees. The authority figures were not surveyed but were observed and it was noticed that they treated all the employees equally but there were slight differences as well. For example, the authority figures were much more reserved when interacting with the Middle Eastern and Indian employees than they were with the white employees, possibly because they were respecting individual differences. Ultimately, the surveys and observations provided information about the differences among military and civilian employees as well as across different races and ethnicities. While there were several differences, it was noted that each member of this office worked diligently and appropriately at all times.

Social Security Essay -- Welfare Politics Essays

Social Security "On a daily basis senior citizens face a choice between buying food, paying the rent, or buying medicine. Senior citizens slice pills into halves because they can't afford their full prescriptions." (Federal News Service Sept. 2002) Social Security is what keeps many elderly and disabled Americans from being stricken by poverty. Without Social Security in our society 15.3 million elderly would have incomes below the poverty line, however after Social Security was added to the equation only 3.8 million elderly have incomes below poverty. Three-fourths of those elderly people who would have been poor without Social Security were removed from below the poverty line by Social Security. Nearly 90 percent of America's elderly are lifted from poverty by Social Security. Currently nearly 44 million Americans receive benefits under Social Security, making it one of the nation's largest anti-poverty programs existing today. Although many Americans are also not helped by Social Security and linger at the fringes of society because the money is not enough to live in America today, even with Social Security adjusting to inflation. Today, the average Social Security benefit is less than $10,000 a year, and for women the average benefit is closer to $9,000. For most seniors, especially those who live in high-cost areas such as my home state of New Jersey, that's barely enough to maintain even a basic standard of living. Unfortunately 11.9% of Americans who receive Social Security are still below poverty level. It's shocking that over ten-percent of a country of 281 million people can have that much of its citizens in poverty. (http://www.cbpp.org/4-8-99socsec.htm) However c... ...ll. The biggest part of privatization is letting the person decide how to invest their Social Security since it is given to them to be invested, rather than put in a private account after being taken from the person's paycheck as is the current government policy. Americans could then invest in stocks, corporate bonds, government bonds, money market funds, and annuities. The Republican Party then goes further to say there is less risk and makes many more Americans feel "safer". Although there are risks in everything we do. Bibliography  · http://www.cbpp.org/4-8-99socsec.htm  · Socialsecuritychoice.org  · The New York Times Company, October 10, 2002; New York Section: Section A, Page 30, Column 1  · U.S. Newswire Inc., October 8, 2002 Section: National Desk  · Federal News Service Inc., September 24, 2002 Section: Press Conference or Speech

Sex Discrimination Is Non-Existentin the Workplace in Hong Kong

Introduction: Hong Kong, known as†Pearl of the Orient† which enjoys the freedom of speech, the freedom of economy and the finest legal system. However, discrimination is everywhere. It is because people are not equally. It would always be inequality among people referring to physical and mental processes. Of course the two sexes are not equal, so that sex discrimination is always an issue in a society, especially in workplace. Background:It is a matter of fact that a employer will base on their education background, belief, own interest and preference to hire the staffs and even for the promotion, benefits, bonus. And women have the traditionally and historically been subjected to legal discrimination form their gender. Some of this mind set still on cultural stereotypes that treats women primarity in the roles of wives and mothers. Futher women have been bench-marked as the â€Å"weaker sex† than male which might need protection from the third party.Such beliefs w ere used in the job market, both in public and private sector. The situation In the past practice of government, for example, Anson Chan(Post Chief Secretary for Administration) had employed with a lower salary than male civil servant in the same position. It is because she is not a man and did not count on her ability to work. The other example is Bank of China group did not ever have a female as a CEO position which also is another kind of in-direct sex discrimination. Form Hong Kong already had Sex Discrimination Ordinance which passed in 1995.Discrimination on the basis of sex, marital status and pregnancy and sexual harassment are make to unlawful under this legal law. According to SDO which both is protecting of men and women. However, There is a law does not mean that sex discrimination is non-extistent. Employers still can get full control of the employment because they will not disclose the truth to the candidates due to the gender issue, like the secretary post is always a woman. In fact, the other kind of in-direct discrimination because some think woman will soon leave the osition to a house-wives or woman will get pregnancy, so that some of employers are not willing to promote a female as a top management to save the parental leave. The other common Sex discrimination is sexual harassment in workplace. Sexual harassment  is  intimidation,  bullying  or  coercion  of a sexual nature, or the unwelcome or inappropriate promise of rewards in exchange for sexual favors. Surely sexual harassment is illegal. Harassment can include â€Å"sexual harassment† or unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature.In many listed companies, most of staffs are male and always claim that woman is even cheap or criticize woman who is not wise enough.. In my workplace often would happen such issue. I have heard my boss said† Secretary should be a virgin† and I will make a promotion or raise salary only base on her appearance and good shape of body. This is a sexual harassment cannot easily valid. The other example is a Legislative  Councillor Mr Kam Nai Wai was suspected sexual harassment to a female assistant and also had fired her eventually. And this case even cannot make a charge at first stage.So that a lot of things cannot be protected by law. Limitations Sex discrimination not only will affect the economic growth but also will harm the organization image. First, human capital is a key source of a company if cannot let the capable people to the right position that would decrease the human capital. Corporate image also is another huge resource that goodwill can make the brand name growth. It is remind that enterprises do not under-estimate the consequence of sex discrimination because once involves on a lawsuit can be a huge loss.Recommendation Sex discrimination should be a key issue of an organization and should imply to all work force to ob ey. Many of organizations can gain form avoiding sex discrimination, like some international business, HSBC, Cheung Kong Holdings Limited It will definitely increase the productively and should put a effort like training program and re-enforcement on daily operation. Information form Hong Kong Labour department, there is still uneven distribution on job nature and income of male and female in 2010 as below: Leading Occupations for Women, in 2010 | |Occupation |Total Employed (Men and Women)|Percent Women |Ratio of Women's Earnings to Men's | | | | |Earnings | |source:  HK. Labor department, Women's Bureau, 20 Leading Occupations of Employed Women, 2010 | |Managers and administrators |8,018 |31. 0 |65. | |Secretaries |2,404 |98. 9 |N. A. | |Cashiers |2,974 |77. 9 |89. 4 | |Registered nurses |2,162 |93. 1 |88. 9 | |Sales supervisors and proprietors |4,836 |43. 3 |71. 5 | |Nursing aides, orderlies, and |2,081 |91. |90. 1 | |attendants | | | | |Elementary school teachers |2,216 |82. 5 |94. 9 | |Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing |1,621 |932 |93. 7 | |clerks | | | | ConclusionAlthough there is a big improvement in female employment, some of industries still focus in male or female work force only. Towards to Twenty-one century, there should be more and more equal job opportunities to both gender and also need to decrease the chance of sex harassment. Finally, people in Hong Kong will gain form the revolution. Bibliography Why market don’t stop discrimination by Cass R Sunstein HK Labour department information 2010 by GOVHK Sex discrimination ordinance by Equal Opportunities Commission Sex harassment by Wikipedia Total word(1050 words)